Notes de la versió #

SuSEfirewall2 and yast2 have been removed from the «minimal base system» to save space. If you need it, select SuSEfirewall2 or patterns-openSUSE-yast2_basis.

Abans d'instal·lar l'openSUSE en un sistema que arrenqui amb UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface), us suggerim emfàticament que comproveu qualsevol actualització del microprogramari que pugui recomanar-ne el fabricant i, si està disponible, que la instal·leu. Si teniu Windows 8 preinstal·lat és una sòlida indicació que el sistema arrencarà amb UEFI.

Context: Algun microprogramari UEFI té errors que causen fallades si s'escriuen massa dades a l'àrea d'emmagatzematge UEFI. Ningú no sap què significa exactament quant és "massa". L'openSUSE minimitza el risc no escrivint més que el mínim necessari per arrencar el sistema. El mínim significa dir al microprogramari UEFI la localització del carregador d'arrencada de l'openSUSE. Les característiques dl'Upstream Linux Kernel que usen l'àrea UEFI per desar informació d'arrencada i de fallades (pstore) han estat inhabilitades per defecte. Tot i això, és recomanable instal·lar qualsevol actualització del microprogramari UEFI que el fabricant recomani.

Amb la implementació d'EFI/UEFI, va arribar un nou estil de partició: GPT (GUID Partition Table). Aquest nou esquema usa identificadors globalment únics (valors de 128 bits mostrats en 32 dígits hexadecimals) per identificar dispositius i tipus de particions.

Addicionalment, l'especificació UEFI també permet particions de llegat MBR (MS-DOS). Els carregadors d'arrencada de Linux (ELILO or GRUB2) intenten generar automàticament un GUID per a aquestes particions de llegat i escriure-les al microprogramari. Aquest GUID pot canviar freqüentment i causar-ne una reescriptura. Aquesta reescriptura consisteix en dues operacions diferents: suprimir l'entrada antiga i crear-ne una que reemplaci la primera.

El microprogramari modern té un recol·lector de porqueria que recull entrades esborrades i allibera la memòria reservada per a entrades antigues. Hi ha un problema quan un microprogramari és defectuós i no ho fa, això pot arribar a suposar un sistema que no arrenqui.

La solució provisional és simple: convertir la partició de llegat MBR a la nova GPT per evitar aquest problema completament.

Quan es faci una instal·lació des del CD viu no hi haurà cap tallafoc actiu per defecte després.

Habiliteu el tallafoc amb el YaST o amb les ordres següents:

systemctl enable SuSEfirewall2
systemctl start SuSEfirewall2

Actualització del CUPS a la versió 1.7

CUPS >= 1.6 has major incompatible changes compared to CUPS up to version 1.5.4 in particular when printing via network:

The IPP protocol default version increased from 1.1 to 2.0. Older IPP servers like CUPS 1.3.x (for example in SLE 11) reject IPP 2.0 requests with "Bad Request" (see http://www.cups.org/str.php?L4231 (http://www.cups.org/str.php?L4231) ). By adding '/version=1.1' to ServerName in client.conf (e.g., ServerName older.server.example.com/version=1.1) or to the CUPS_SERVER environment variable value or by adding it to the server name value of the '-h' option (e.g., lpstat -h older.server.example.com/version=1.1 -p) the older IPP protocol version for older servers must be specified explicitly.

CUPS Browsing is dropped in CUPS but the new package cups-filters provides the cups-browsed that provides basic CUPS Browsing and Polling functionality. The native protocol in CUPS for automatic client discovery of printers is now DNS-SD. Start cups-browsed on the local host to receive traditional CUPS Browsing information from traditional remote CUPS servers. To broadcast traditional CUPS Browsing information into the network so that traditional remote CUPS clients can receive it, set "BrowseLocalProtocols CUPS" in /etc/cups/cups-browsed.conf and start cups-browsed.

Some printing filters and back-ends are dropped in CUPS but the new package cups-filters provides them. So cups-filters is usually needed (recommended by RPM) but cups-filters is not strictly required.

The cupsd configuration directives are split into two files: cupsd.conf (can also be modified via HTTP PUT e.g. via cupsctl) and cups-files.conf (can only be modified manually by root) to have better default protection against misuse of privileges by normal users who have been specifically allowed by root to do cupsd configuration changes (see http://www.cups.org/str.php?L4223 (http://www.cups.org/str.php?L4223), CVE-2012-5519, and https://bugzilla.opensuse.org/show_bug.cgi?id=789566 (https://bugzilla.opensuse.org/show_bug.cgi?id=789566)).

CUPS banners and the CUPS test page are no longer supported since CUPS >= 1.6. The banners and the test page from cups-filters must be used. The CUPS banner files in /usr/share/cups/banners/ and the CUPS testpage /usr/share/cups/data/testprint (which is also a CUPS banner file type) are no longer provided in the cups RPM because they do no longer work since CUPS >= 1.6 (see http://www.cups.org/str.php?L4120 (http://www.cups.org/str.php?L4120) ) because there is no longer a filter that can convert the CUPS banner files. Since CUPS >= 1.6 only the banner files and testpage in the cups-filters package work via the cups-filters PDF workflow and the cups-filters package also provides the matching bannertopdf filter.

For details, see https://bugzilla.opensuse.org/show_bug.cgi?id=735404 (https://bugzilla.opensuse.org/show_bug.cgi?id=735404).

PDF Now Common Printing Data Format

There is a general move away from PostScript to PDF as the standard print job format. This change is advocated by the OpenPrinting workgroup of the Linux Foundation and the CUPS author.

This means that application programs usually no longer produce PostScript output by default when printing but instead PDF.

As a consequence the default processing how application programs printing output is converted into the "language" that the particular printer accepts (the so called "CUPS filter chain") has fundamentally changed from a PostScript-centric workflow to a PDF-centric workflow.

Accordingly the upstream standard for CUPS under Linux (using CUPS plus the cups-filters package) is now PDF-based job processing, letting every non-PDF input be converted to PDF first, page management options being applied by a pdftopdf filter and Ghostscript being called with PDF as input.

With PDF as the standard print job format traditional PostScript printers can no longer print application's printing output directly so that a conversion step in the printing workflow is required that converts PDF into PostScript. But there are also PostScript+PDF printers that can print both PostScript and PDF directly.

For details, see the section "Common printing data formats" in the SUSE wiki article "Concepts printing" at http://en.opensuse.org/Concepts_printing (http://en.opensuse.org/Concepts_printing) .